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Japanese Immigration to Hawaii
Information about the
first Japanese immigrants in Hawaii including where they
came from and why they moved to Hawaii.
In 1868 a group of approximately 150 Japanese contract laborers
arrived in Hawaii. The immigration was not considered
a success, because Japan was unhappy about their treatment.
Two years later an agreement was reached
for those workers to return to Japan, but in actuality, only
about 40 returned to their homeland and the rest chose
to remain in Hawaii.
In 1885 Hawaii and Japan resolved issues related
to the treatment of Japanese workers in Hawaii,
and that year
The first major immigration from
Japan began. (It's interesting to note that
the 100th anniversary of Japanese immigration
was celebrated in Hawaii 1985.)
By 1902 there were more then 30,000 Japanese
plantation workers in Hawaii.
By 1893, nearly 70% of the plantation workers
in Hawaii were Japanese.
The "Bayonet Constitution"
of 1887 denied Hawaiian citizenship to all Asians.
In 1894 private companies were allowed to take over
recruiting Japanese laborers for Hawaii and 57,000
more Japanese arrived in Hawaii between 1894 and 1900.
When contract labor in Hawaii was prohibited after
Hawaii became a U.S. territory, many of Hawaii's
Japanese immigrants immigrated to the U.S. mainland
where wages were twice what they were in Hawaii.
Executive order stops migration of Japanese laborers
from Hawaii, Mexico and Canada on March 14, 1907
(what does this mean???)
In 1908 a "Gentlemen's Agreement" restricted
Japanese immigration to the United States
(what does this mean?).
In 1909 the Japanese laborers
went on strike but they lost.
In 1920 the Japanese and Filipinos organized
a strike for higher wages. They lost that strike,
but they learned to work together for the common good.
Between 1885 and 1924 approximately 200,000 Japanese
immigrated to Hawaii, most of them to work on
Hwaii's sugar plantations.
In 1924 the United States prohibited further
immigration from Japan.
In 1935 the Onomea Camps were segregated into
Japanese, Filipino,and Portuguese camps
See also
Asian Immigration to Hawaii: Plantation Life
Asian Immigration to Hawaii: Immigrant Work
Asian Immigration to Hawaii: Social Classes
Asian Immigration to Hawaii: Interracial Relationships
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